国内外休闲垂钓鱼类汞污染状况与消费建议

Mercury contamination and consumption advisories of wild sportfishes worldwide

频繁地食用垂钓鱼是某些人群接受汞暴露的重要途径之一。为了解国内外垂钓鱼汞污染研究现状及消费建议,该文利用End Note软件搜索相关文献并进行分析调查。结果发现,北美地区对垂钓鱼中汞污染的研究较多,其次为欧洲,其它地方鲜见报道。研究表明,水体类型、鱼的食性和体长都会影响垂钓鱼体内的汞含量,一般生长在流水中、营养位较低、体型较小的垂钓鱼所含汞含量较低,更适合居民消费;孕妇、儿童等敏感人群应避免食用高汞的垂钓鱼;我国的垂钓活动日益普遍,垂钓鱼类型以野生的小型饵料鱼为主,兼有大型的肉食性鱼类和人工养殖鱼类,而垂钓场地复合污染和新兴污染问题日益凸显。因此,我国休闲垂钓鱼类和养殖鱼类的污染状况和消费建议等方面研究有待加强。

Frequent consumption of sport fish is one of the most important ways for some people exposed to mercury. In order to understand the research status and consumption advisories of mercury pollution in sport fish on a global scale, relevant analysis and investigation were conducted by the End Note software.It was found that mercury pollution of sport fish was intensively investigated and reported in North America, followed by Europe, and few studies were reported in other places.Water types,feeding habits and body lengths of fishes were found to have impact on the mercury concentration in sport fishes.Normally, the mercury concentration in sport fishes in running water with a lower tropic level and a smaller size was relatively lower, indicating they would be more suitable for people to eat. Sensitive people such as pregnant women and children should avoid eating high-mercury sport fish. Sport fishing became more and more popular in China, and those sport fishes consisted mostly of small-sized wild forage fish, as well as some big-sized carnivorous fish and farmed fishes. However, the combined and emerging pollution issues in the fishing sites were becoming more and more prominent. Therefore, the studies on contamination levels and consumption advisories of sport fish and farmed fish remain to be strengthened in China.