环境介质中多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)分布特征的研究进展

Distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)in the environment:A review

由多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)所引起的环境问题越来越受到社会各界的关注,了解环境介质中PBDEs的分布特征是对其污染进行有效控制的前提.本文从非生物介质(大气、水体、沉积物、污泥及土壤)和生物体内(植物、动物、人体及食物链)两方面入手,对PBDEs在世界各地不同环境介质的分布特征进行综述.高溴代PBDEs因其较低的挥发性和水溶性,极易吸附于土壤、底泥和空气悬浮颗粒等固体介质,而低溴代PBDEs在各环境介质中都有检出;生物体中PBDEs的分布特征与生物种类、污染源、营养级以及个体组织的特异性有一定关系,人体血液、母乳、头发等也检出了PBDEs.随着北美、欧盟等地区从2004年开始逐渐对五溴、八溴和十溴PBDEs实施禁用,其含量在北美和欧盟部分地区有所下降,但是由于十溴PBDEs仍在全球很多地区使用,又因其具有持久性和长距离迁移性,要实现环境介质中PBDEs含量的控制仍需要一定时间,因此未来研究仍需对PBDEs生产和使用区域开展污染水平及趋势相关研究,并对PBDEs的环境行为深入探讨.

Environmental problems induced by polybrominated diphenyl ethers（PBDEs） are receiving more and more attention.The knowledge about the distribution of PBDEs is the premise for the effective pollution control.This paper reviewed the distribution of PBDEs in the atmosphere,water,sediments,sludge,soil,plants,animals,human body and food chain all over the world.Owing to the low volatility and water solubility,the higher brominated PBDEs can be easily adsorbed to solid particles like soil,sediment and airborne particles.However,the lower brominated PBDEs are detected in all the environmental media.In living organisms,the distribution characteristics ofPBDEs are depended on biological species,pollution sources,trophic levels and tissue specificity,and PBDEs are also found in human such as blood,breast milk and hair.With the prohibition of penta-,octa-,and deca-BDEs in North American and some regions of European Union,the concertrations of PBDEs in the environment have declined to some degree.However,deca-BDEs is still used in other regions around the world.Due to its persistence and long-distance transport,the control of PBDEs in the environment is still a long-term work.Thus,future research needs to focus on the level,trend,and behavior of PBDEs in the regions where they are produced and used.