不同修剪方式对杨梅矮化提质效应的研究

Effect of Different Pruning Methods on Dwarfism and Nutrition Quality of Myrica rubra

以8年生‘东魁’杨梅为材料,研究修剪的矮化提质效果。连续2年进行大枝修剪(vertical branch pruning,VP)、精准修剪(precise pruning,PP)、大枝修剪+精准修剪(VP+PP)和"开天窗"常规修剪(pruning of open skylight,PO),并以不修剪为对照(CK)。试验前后调查树体高度和冠幅,并测定株产量、果实品质(总糖、可滴定酸、Vc、总多酚、总黄酮等)和色差(L*、a*、b*、ho、C*)等。结果表明,对树冠控制能力的大小为VP+PP>VP>PP>PO,其平均树高分别降低了63%、57%、55%和25%。平均株产量为VP+PP>VP>PP>PO,产量分别提高了25%、20%、6%和-38%。对果实色泽改善以PP和VP+PP的效果最显著。调查L*和始熟期发现,近熟期L*越小成熟度越高。处理第2年果实品质相比第1年改善幅度增大,以单果重为例,处理第1年VP+PP、PP、VP、PO的单果重分别提高了32.0%、30.3%、21.1%和8.7%,第2年单果重分别提高了48.3%、44.9%、43.1%和8.9%;各处理的a*、ho和C*在处理第1年无显著差异,第2年出现差异分离。综合分析,不同处理下杨梅的综合效益为VP+PP>PP>VP>PO>CK。

Eight-year‘Dongkui＇, a Chinese bayberry cultivar, was used to analyze the effect of differentpruning methods on tree dwarfism and improvement of fruit quality. Pruning methods including vertical branchpruning（VP）, precise pruning（PP）, vertical branch pruning＋ precise pruning（VP＋PP） and pruning of openskylight（PO） were carried out for 2 consecutive years, and trees without any pruning were used as control（CK）.Tree height and crown width were measured before and after the experiment; fruit yield, nutritional quality（total sugar, titrable acid, Vc, total phenols, total flavonids, etc.） and chromatic aberration（L＊, a＊, b＊, ho and C＊）were also investigated. The results showed that the effect of these pruning methods on controlling growth of treecrown was as follows： VP＋PPVPPPPO; compared with CK, the average height of trees decreased by63%, 57%, 55% and 25%, respectively. For the average yield of Chinese bayberry tree, VP＋PP〉VP〉PP〉PO, and compared with CK, the average yield increased by 25%, 20%, 6% and-38%, respectively. And treesafter treated by pruning methods of PP and VP＋PP bore redder fruit than treated by the other methods. Aninvestigation of initial maturation date and figure value of L＊suggested that fruits closed to maturity with lowerL＊were in higher maturity degree. Fruit quality in the second year had greater improvement than that in thefirst year. For example, compared with CK, the single fruit mass of VP ＋ PP, PP, VP and PO increased by32.0%, 30.3%, 21.1% and 8.7%, respectively, in the first year; and in the second year, increased by 48.3%,44.9%, 43.1% and 8.9%, respectively; chromatic aberration of a＊, ho and C＊had no significant difference in the first year and significant differences between the pruning methods in the second year. For the comprehensiveefficiency of these pruning methods, the order was VP＋PP〉PP〉VP〉PO〉CK.