昆明长水国际机场飞行区鸟类飞行高度及鸟撞风险评估

Bird flight heights and the risk assessment of bird strike in the airfield area of Kunming Changshui International Airport

鸟撞防范是当前世界各地机场亟待解决的热点问题.评估机场鸟类潜在的鸟撞风险,确定威胁性鸟类,有利于提高机场鸟撞防范的科学性和有效性.当前,昆明长水国际机场鸟撞压力巨大,有必要开展针对性的风险评估研究.通过2017年1月至6月的连续调查,共记录到昆明长水国际机场飞行区鸟类9目19科32种,其平均飞行高度在1.08~50 m之间.鸟撞风险分析结果显示,32种鸟类的风险函数值在0.03~0.80之间,其中,对飞行安全具有重大影响的威胁性鸟类共有8种,分属于涉禽、昼行性猛禽以及具有飞捕昆虫习性的夜鹰、雨燕和燕类等三大类.此外,出没于机场草坪的数量众多的小型鸣禽也应当给予关注.在鸟撞防范中,应注意消除吸引上述威胁性鸟类的生境因素,特别应着重对机场西侧跑道区域进行环境整治.

Bird strike avoidance is a hot issue that urgently need to be solved around the world.To improve the feasibility and efficiency of the bird strike prevention, it is helpful to evaluate the potential bird strike risk in the airport and identify threatening birds for flight safety.At present, Kunming Changshui International Airport has a huge bird strike pressure, and it is essential for avoiding bird strike to carry out the targeted research on the birds threatening assessment.A total of 32 bird species belonging to 9 orders and 19 families were recorded in Kunming Changshui International Airport through a successive investigation from January to June in 2017.And the average flight altitudes of these birds were from 1.08 to 50 m.The results of the bird strike risk analysis showed that the risk function values of the 32 species of birds were between 0.03 and 0.80.Eight threatening bird species were identified with the significant influence on flight safety in these birds, which belonged to waders, diurnal rap- tors, and those with the foraging behavior of catching flying insects, such as nighthawks, swifts and swallows.Fur- thermore,the large amount of small songbirds haunting in the airport grassland should also be given attention.It is suggested that more attention should be paid in the elimination of the habitat factors that attract the threatening birds, and especially the environmental improvement in the area around the west runway of the airport.