比较视角下检察制度的差异性

Prosecutors and Politics in Comparative Perspective

各国检察制度间的基础性差异表现在大陆法系与普通法系刑事司法体系的不同;表现在遵循"法定主义"原则与"便宜主义"原则刑事司法制度的不同;表现在对于政治因素是否可以合法地影响刑事司法的态度的不同。此外,各国检察机关在组织架构上及对检察官的培育及选任上也存在显著差异。各国检察制度的差异对不同国家检察机关的转向处置程序、指控、辩诉交易及量刑等检察实践产生了重要影响。对各国检察制度的比较研究可以对某一特定检察制度的优劣有更深刻地理解与把握,并认识到哪种检察制度能够更好地践行平等、公正与理性,以便政策制定者可以以跨国的视角审视并改善本国的检察制度。

The foundational differences between the procuratorial systems are manifested in the Continental European civil-law and Anglo-Saxon common-law systems,in systems characterized by the "legality principle"and the "expediency principle,"and in the countries in which political influence on criminal justice system is or is not considered legitimate. And also the structural location and recruitment and career structure differs in different procuratorial systems. Those differences have important implications for how systems work in diversion,charging,bargaining,and sentencing. To have more and better knowledge of procuratorial systems in different countries can help to understand better the strengths and weaknesses of particular system. And can help to learn which kinds of systems better promote values of equality,justice,and rationality so that policy makers can look across national boundaries to find ways to improve their own national systems.