污染场地测试评价与处理技术

Geotechnical investigation and remediation for industrial contaminated sites

针对中国工业污染场地开发利用的岩土工程关键问题,全面总结了笔者及其课题组多年来的研究成果。主要包括5个方面：（1）污染场地土体工程性质变化基本规律和污染场地分类评价方法,阐明了重金属污染土和有机污染土的基本物理力学特性,在总结国内外已有污染场地风险评价和工程分类的基础上,提出了基于层次分析原理的污染场地指数分类法;（2）基于多功能孔压静力触探（CPTU）的污染场地原位测试方法,包括污染土的电阻率基本特征,基于电阻率CPTU的污染场地原位测试方法,基于CPTU的污染场地水力传导参数测试评价方法;（3）重金属污染场地固化/稳定化处理技术,揭示了重金属污染土固化/稳定化机理,阐明了水泥系固化剂固化/稳定重金属污染土的有效性与不足,提出了磷酸盐系固化剂和碱激发矿渣固化剂固化/稳定高浓度重金属污染土的方法,从工程与环境安全二方面提出了固化/稳定法的施工工艺;（4）有机污染场地曝气法处理技术,采用研发的一维二维曝气模拟装置,揭示了曝气法修复有机污染场地的气相运动规律、修复机理与效果,建立了基于集总参数的污染物去除效果评价方法,提出了曝气法工艺设计方法;（5）污染场地竖向隔离技术,提出了土–膨润土系竖向隔离墙材料设计关键参数确定方法,揭示了土–膨润土系竖向隔离墙的长期防渗防污性能和化学相容性特征,比较了隔离施工技术的特点,对SMC工法的效果进行了分析评价。研究成果对中国污染场地再开发利用和城市可持续发展具有重要意义。

Aiming at geotechnical problems in the redevelopment of industrial contaminated sites, the research achievements fxom the author and his group are throughly summarized. The researches includes five aspects： （1） Changes of fundamental behaviors of contaminated soils and contaminated site classification from the perspective of engineering properties. The physical and mechanical properties of heavy metal-and organic-contaminated soils are presented. Based on the risk assessment of contaminated sites as well as methods for soil classification in the literatures, the index classification for contaminated sites is developed using the analytic hierarchy process structure. （2） Application of piezocone penetration test （CPTU） to in-situ testing in contaminated sites. The resistivity characteristics of contaminated soils, testing methods for resistivity piezocone penetration tests in contaminated sites and permeability parameter evaluation for contaminated soil layers using CPTU are stated. （3） Advanced solidification/stabilization technology. Mechanisms of solidification/stabilization of heavy metal-contaminated soils are revealed. The effects as well as limitations of cement-based solidification/stabilization are illuminated. Phosphate-based binder and alkali-activated slag for solidification/stabilization of high-level heavy metal-contaminated soils are developed. Great effort on the improvement of solidification/stabilization construction technology has been conducted to enhance the engineering properties and environmental safety. （4） Treatment of organic-contaminated sites using air sparging. The air phase motion, treatment mechanism and treatment effect are understood via 1-D and 2-D air sparging model tests, and a design method for air sparging is established based on the lumped parameter. （5） Vertical barriers applied in contaminated sites. The determination methods for the key parameters in soil-bentonite vertical barrier are proposed. The long-term performance and chemical compatibility of soil-bentonite backfill is presented. Technical characteristics of construction technologies for vertical barriers are compared, and the construction quality of soil mixing cutter （SMC） method is assessed. These research achievements are of important significance in the redevelopment of contaminated sites and sustainable urban development.