“仁善”的剥削——英国新左翼对二战后新帝国主义的批判

“Kind” Exploitation:British New Left's Critique of Neo-imperialism after World War Ⅱ

英国新左翼思想家将二战后形成的帝国主义称为新帝国主义。新帝国主义在经济上用"援助"和跨国公司取代旧帝国主义的直接剥削,政治上以间接操纵代替直接统治,文化上以消费资本主义的意识形态进行文化殖民。新帝国主义"援助"的本质是保证前殖民地区的新兴国家始终保持在新帝国主义国家为其设定的轨道和路线内,使其企业和投资利益在这些国家得以保障,从而更好地攫取利益。新帝国主义用"不发达"理论来为战后的新殖民主义提供借口,但"不发达"本身就是被殖民剥削的结果。新帝国主义与冷战相互依存,在冷战框架内新帝国主义得以发展壮大,新帝国主义和新殖民主义则保障了共产主义阵营和资本主义阵营在冷战期间的发展。在冷战格局和新帝国主义框架内,新兴民族国家无法得到实质性的发展,要打破这种局面必须跳出原来的旧框架,建立一个新世界。

The British New Left thinkers regarded the imperialism after World War II as Neo-imperialism.In the aspect of economy,Neo-imperialism used the exploitation methods ofeconomic aid ＂and multinational enterprises instead of the direct exploitation way of the old imperialism.In the aspect of politics,it used the way of the indirect control instead of the direct rule.In the aspect of culture,it used the cultural colonization with the ideology of consumer capitalism.The nature of theaid＂ of Neo-imperialism is to ensure the new emerging nation states staying inside the track and route that the imperialist countries set for them,so as to gain better interests.Neo-imperialism used the theory ofunderdevelopment ＂as an excuse for the postwar Neo-colonialism,butunderdevelopment＂ itself was the result of colonial exploitation.Neo-imperialism and the Cold War were interdependent.Neo-imperialism grew within the framework of the Cold War,and meanwhile Neo-imperialism and Neocolonialism ensure the development of Communist camp and Capitalist camp during the Cold War.In the framework of the Cold War and the Neo-imperialism,the new emerging nation states cannot achieve substantial development.To break this situation,they must break out of the old framework and build a new world.