权力三角:现代大学治理的理论模型

Trilateral Powers:Theoretical Model of Modern University Governance

学术权力和行政权力的"二元论"忽视了政治在大学治理中的重要地位。大学治理的实践必须关注政治力量。学术、行政和政治共同构成了大学治理的三个关键要素。通过对三要素的模型化考察,本文建构了大学治理的三大模型:学术治理模型、行政治理模型和政治治理模型。通过对模型中权力大小的讨论,理论化出了模式1至模式6六种"理想类型"。中国大学治理要着力克服理论模型中的缺陷,要系统认识三边权力关系,构建基于三权协调的权变大学治理观;检讨权力主体与权力关系调节的人性假设,建立克服人性弱点的约束机制;推进大学纪律建设,完善大学治理保障机制。

The dichotomy of academic power and administrative power ignores the importance of politics in university governance. The practice of Chinese university governance calls for more attention to the political power. Due to historical and practical reasons,politics and administration are usually not separated from each other in Chinese university governance, which partly weakens the Party＇s leadership in higher education institutions. This paper first identifies three essential ele- ments in university governance, including academics, administration and politics. Based on these three elements, this paper constructs three models of university governance in China＇s universities： academic governance model, administrative govern- ance model and political governance model. Through the discussion of the relative power of the three elements in the models, we further come up with 6 ＂ideal types＂ of China＇s university governance. In order to achieve these goals, policy makers should strive to overcome the defects pointed out by the theoretical models so as to promote the university governance re- form. It is also suggested that they should understand the relationship between the trilateral powers systematically and devel- op a contingent university governance idea based on the coordination of trilateral powers. Furthermore, they need to critically examine assumptions about human nature shaped by power dynamics so as to establish a restraining mechanism to overcome the weakness of human nature so as to strengthen discipline in colleges and universities and improve university governance assurance mechanism.