哪些因素影响了产业升级?——基于定性比较分析方法的研究

Which Factors Affect the Industrial Upgrading? The Research Based on the Qualitative Comparative Analysis Method(QCA)

近年来,世界主要发达国家纷纷推出制造业高端化战略,以抢占未来竞争制高点。相比之下,正处于经济转型升级关键节点的中国,唯有加快产业升级步伐、不断提升产业核心竞争力才能在日益激烈的国际竞争中立于不败之地。正确认识影响产业升级的因素及其作用,有助于国家更有针对性、更科学地制定产业升级策略。为探究多个影响因素对产业升级的综合作用,本研究运用定性比较分析方法(QCA),将品牌优势、科技创新水平、人力资本、对外开放程度和知识产权体系等五个因素纳入分析框架,并采集了22个国家的数据样本,结果发现:1.在科技创新水平、人力资本、对外开放程度和知识产权体系这四个方面的全面投入,可以有效推进产业升级进程;2.在科技创新能力和人力资本发展较弱的前提下,培育品牌优势、增强对外开放程度、完善知识产权体系对产业升级具有积极作用;3.较低的科技创新水平和不完善的知识产权体系将会成为制约产业升级的"短板"。上述结论表明:我国应在科技创新水平的提升、人力资本供给的增强、对外开放程度的提高和知识产权体系的完善四个方面全面投入,以形成政策合力,并高度重视和着力解决制约科技创新水平和知识产权体系的问题。

In recent years, the major developed countries all over the world have launched many manufacturing strategies, in order to seize the commanding heights of the future competition. In a critical period of economic transformation and upgra- ding,only by accelerating the pace of industrial upgrading and enhancing the core competitiveness of the industry can China be able to remain invincible in the increasingly fierce international competition. The correct understanding of the factors, which is affecting the industrial upgrading, is of great significance in the process of making scientific and effective industrial upgrading strategies. To explore the combinative effects of several factors on industrial upgrading,we collected data samples from 22 countries and used the qualitative comparative analysis method（QCA） to analyze factors including brand advantage, technological innovation level, human capital, openness to the outside world and intellectual property system. The result shows that：@The comprehensive investment in four aspects including technological innovation, human capital,openness to the outside world and intellectual property system can effectively promote the process o~ industrial upgrading. （~）On the premise of weaker technological innovation and weaker human capital, the combination of measures, such as cultivating brand advantage, enhancing the degree of openness to the outside world and strengthening the construction of intellectual property system, has a positive effect on the process of a country＇s industrial upgrading. @The lower development of technological in- novation and intellectual property system will become the constraints of a country＇s efforts to industrial upgrading. The con- clusions indicate that：China should fully invest in these four aspects of scientific and technological innovation, the human capital supply,the openness to the outside world and the intellectual property system,so as to form a policy to make great pro- gress in industrial upgrading. What＇s more,China should attach great importance to and make efforts to solve the problems restricting scientific and technological innovation Level and the intellectual property system.