激荡于人类理想与现实运动之间的社会主义

The Tension between Socialism as a Human Ideal and Socialism as a Practical Social Movement

在马克思主义思想传统中,社会主义既是一种理论化的人类理想,同时也是一种力求实现这一理想的现实运动。然而,这两种社会主义观念之间是有张力的,即,理想中的社会主义与现实中的社会主义的差异问题,而且在理想性与现实性两端形成了诸多不同的社会主义观念。而社会主义观念在理想性与现实性两端的转变,不仅使理论与实践在某种意义上获得了一致,也使人们摆脱了诸多现实生活上的尴尬状态,但却带来了一个最为根本性的困惑便是对于社会主义观念理解上的分化或分裂。这一理论困惑,虽然从表层看似乎截然相反,但若从深层看,则又具有某种同一性,那就是失却了理想性与现实性之间的现实关联或有效中介,使得无法看到从现实性到理想性和从理想性到现实性过渡的可能性。而解决这一理论困惑的关键便在于为社会主义信念找到坚实的理论依据。

In the Marxist tradition,socialism is not only a theorized human ideal but a practical movement to achieve this ideal. However,there is a tension between these two types of understanding of socialism:the socialism in theory differs from the socialism in practice and between the two extremes of the cline from idealization to reality there exist various types of ideas on socialism. The shifts in the concept of socialism between the idealization and the reality not only makes possible the agreement between theory and practice but enables us to rise above the dilemma in real life as well. But at the same time,the shifts have caused a fundamental problem,i.e. the confusing division in the understanding of the concept of socialism. The conflicting understandings of socialism,though on the surface totally different from each other,share some commonality in the deep sense:that is,they all fail to see the real connection and mediation between the idealization and the reality and ignore the possibility of transition between the two extremes. The key to solving the problem lies in building a solid theoretical foundation for the belief in socialism.