身体、意向性与“情感先验”——杜夫海纳对康德美学的梅洛-庞蒂化重构

Body,Intentionality and Emotion a priori:Mikel Dufrenne's Reconstruction of Kantian Aesthetics in the Way of Merleau-Ponty

杜夫海纳的"情感先验"是借助和融合了梅洛-庞蒂的身体、知觉、意向性理论对康德审美判断思想的"身体化"重构。受梅洛-庞蒂启示,杜夫海纳把康德的抽象的"非属人"的主体转换为具体的身体—主体,并以此建立起基于知觉的主客消融的意向性审美关系,进而将由此建构的情感范畴的特殊与一般的同一性,最终归结到"人的范畴"上,这种基于存在论的共同的人性为审美判断的普遍必然性提供了可能。

With the help of Merleau-Ponty's theory of body,perception,and intentionality,Dufrenne produced a body-based reconstruction of Kant's thought on aesthetic judgments. Inspired by Merleau-Ponty's ideas,he turned the abstract Kantian" non-human" subject into the concrete body-subject. On this basis,Dufrenne established the intentional aesthetic relationship characterized by the fusion of subject and object based on perception and then ultimately attributed to the human category the identity between the specific and general emotional categories therefore constructed. The universal humanity based on existentialism makes possible the universal necessity of aesthetic judgments.