《老子》规范性政治思考的多重意蕴及其内在统一性探析

A Research on the Three Dimensions of Normative Political Thinking and Its Unity in Lao Zi

《老子》的政治论说具有规范性和非规范性的双重意蕴。以"君人南面之术"为其主要内容的非规范性政治论说,关涉的主要是手段和工具的合理性思考,其理论基础无疑是"规律"意义上的"道(论)"和非规范性的"道理之论",这种价值中立的政治思考本质上并不属于政治哲学的范畴。《老子》中规范性政治论说的三个构成部分,即"无为而治"的理念、激进的政治批判和"小国寡民"的构想,乃是一个不可分割的整体,相互之间也具有本质上的一致性,而其思想根基则是"拟人化的本根之道论"和规范性的"道理之论"。与其政治思想的特性相一致,《老子》的"道论"也具有规范性和非规范性的双重内涵。

There are normative and non-normative meanings in the political doctrine of Lao Zi. The non-normativepolitical thought of Lao Zi whose main contents is "monarchical art of governance" concentrates on considerations ofinstrumental rationality, and its theoretical foundations are the theory of Tao that as the laws of all things on earthand the theory of ordinary truth that is not normative. This kind of value-free thinking of political life does not belongto political philosophy. The normative political thoughts of Lao Zi consist of three parts, namely the idea of"governance without taking action",radical critique of actual political life and the ideal of"a small country with fewinhabitants", and for these three parts there are consistent relationships with each other essentially, and they cannotbe cut apart. The theoretical grounds of this kind of normative thinking of political life in Lao Zi are "the analogicaltheory of ontological Dao" and the normative theory of truth of everyday life. Just like its political thoughts, thedoctrine of Dao in Lao Zi also has normative and non-normative meanings.