避害止争:快递收寄验视法律性质探究

Avoiding Harm and Solving Disputes: On the Legal Nature of Content Inspection in Picking up in Express Delivery Services

收寄验视制度已成为从源头有效遏制禁寄、限寄物品进入寄递渠道的重要措施。收寄验视制度具有内容法定、双重功能和操作复杂的特点。其包括内部和外部两个维度的法律关系,在内部法律关系中,经营快递业务的企业享有对交寄物品进行检查、要求提供相关证明和拒绝收寄快件的权利;而对于寄件人来说,则须履行如实提供快件信息、特殊物品的告知和接受验视的义务。在外部法律关系中,经营快递业务的企业和寄件人均对他人的人身和财产权益负必要的注意义务。当然,义务的履行离不开责任的确定,在责任的确定中,须依据义务的类型确定具体的责任,并依据过错程度,合理地分配企业与寄件人的责任。

The regime of content inspection in picking up has become an important measure to effectively prevent forbidden or restricted items from entering into the delivering channels from the source. The regime of content inspection in picking up is characterized with statutory standards,dual function and complex operations.It includes internal and external legal relationships. In internal legal relationships,the express delivery enterprises have rights to inspect items for delivery,to require the senders to testify relevant information or to refuse picking up items; and as for senders,they have to fulfill the obligations to faithfully provide relevant information about delivery items,to inform the nature of special items and to accept content inspections. In external legal relationships,both enterprises and senders undertake necessary duty of care to others＇ personal and property rights.Obviously,the performance of obligations cannot be separated from the ascertainment of liabilities,so in the process of deciding liabilities,types of obligations are taken into consideration to determine specific liabilities which should be distributed reasonably between the enterprises and the senders in accordance with degrees of faults.