论配偶法定继承权的法律保护

Legal Protection of Spouse's Right of Inheritance

随着社会的发展,各国都越来越重视对配偶继承权的保护。我国《继承法》将配偶与子女、父母并列为第一顺序继承人并与同一顺序继承人均分被继承人遗产。该制度设计明显与配偶和被继承人之间的密切关系及其在家庭中的重要地位和所作贡献不相称,无法很好地平衡配偶与血亲继承人之间的继承利益,在实践运行中存在诸多弊端。应当在借鉴国外先进经验的基础上,结合我国实际情况,不将配偶的继承顺序予以固定,根据参与的不同的继承顺序规定不同的应继份额,建立配偶遗产先取权制度、配偶住房用益权制度及归扣制度,以更好地保护配偶的继承权。

With the development of society, all countries haoe attached greater importance to the protection of the spouse's right of inheritance. In China, the spouses, children and parents are classified as the first successors in the same order in Inheritance Law who are entitled to equal share of the estate. This obviously does not conform to the close relationship between the spouse's and the decedent and their significance in and contributions to the family, and may not balance the succession interests between spouses and relatives effectively. Drawbacks also exist in practice. The present paper suggests that the spouse's succession order not be defined as in other countries in China's context. According to the order of succession, different inheritance should be set to establish the system of prerogative spouse inheritance, spouse housing benefit system and the system of deduction, so as to better protect the spouse's right of inheritance.