体外受精-胚胎移植孕妇妊娠期糖尿病的危险因素研究

The risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus in invitro fertilization and embryo transfer pregnant women

目的了解体外受精-胚胎移植孕妇妊娠期糖尿病发生的危险因素,为制订护理干预措施提供依据。方法选取2013年1月1日至2015年12月31日就诊于北京市某三级甲等医院且在孕24~26周完成糖耐量筛查的体外受精-胚胎移植单胎孕妇,其中合并妊娠期糖尿病的孕妇74例,未合并妊娠期糖尿病的孕妇191例,分析体外受精-胚胎移植孕妇妊娠期糖尿病发生的危险因素。结果妊娠期糖尿病的发生率为27.92%,孕前超重、糖耐量筛查前体质量增长过快、糖尿病家族史是体外受精-胚胎移植孕妇妊娠期糖尿病发生的危险因素,孕期合并症是保护因素,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论体外受精-胚胎移植孕妇妊娠期糖尿病的发生与孕前超重、糖耐量筛查前体质量增长过快、2型糖尿病家族史、孕期合并症有关,为降低妊娠糖尿病的发生风险,应在孕前将体质指数控制在正常范围、孕期做好体质量管理,有糖尿病家族史的孕妇做到早评估、早筛查、早干预。

Objective To explore the risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM） in invitro fertilization and embrf transfer （IVF-ET） pregnant women,so as to provide guidance for the nursing interventions. Methods Subjects were selected the IVF-ET pregnant women who visited department of obstetrics of hospital and received glucose tolerance test in 24 -26 gestational weeks during the period from Januarf 2013 to December 2015.A total 74 confirmed IVF-ET pregnant women with GDM cases were enrolled and 191 IVF-ET pregnant women were selected into control group. The risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus in IVF - ET pregnant women were analyzed. Results The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus in IVF-ET pregnant women was 27.92%.Analysis indicated that the pre-pregnancy overweight,the excessive weight growth before GDM screening,and the family history of diabetes were risk factors.The protective factor was pregnant complications （P〈0.05）.Conclusion Pre-pregnancy overweight, the excessive weight growth before GDM screening, the family history of type 2 diabetes,pregnant complications may increase the risk of GDM in IVF-ET pregnant women.The weight management in pre-pregnancy and pregnancy period,and assessment,screening and intervention of pregnant women with-family history of diabetes in pregnancy early stage may reduce the risk.