促进青少年锻炼行为的模型检验:基于HAPA与TPB两个理论的整合

Model Test to Promote Physical Activity in Adolescents:Based on the Integration of HAPA and TPB

为提高青少年锻炼行为的预测力与干预效果,以计划行为理论(TPB)和健康行动过程取向理论(HAPA)的整合模型为基础,对1 207名青少年实施问卷调查与数据分析。结果表明:(1)TPB的5因素模型的拟合度良好,主观规范、知觉行为控制共同解释了84%的行为意向方差;主观规范、知觉行为控制和行为意向共同解释了24%的锻炼行为方差;(2)HAPA的9因素模型的拟合度良好,行动自我效能解释了63%的行为意向方差,由行动效能、应对效能、行为意向和计划共同解释了28%的锻炼行为方差;(3)HAPA与TPB整合模型的拟合度良好,行动自我效能和主观规范共同解释了72%的行为意向方差,由行动效能、应对效能、行为意向和计划共同解释了27%的锻炼行为方差。结论:TPB理论和HAPA理论在青少年体育锻炼行为领域中具有跨文化适应性;在青少年锻炼行为预测上,基于TPB与HAPA理论的整合模型没有表现出明显优势,后续研究需要整合其它社会认知变量以提高模型的预测力。

In order to improve the effect of prediction and intervention of adolescent exercise behavior,this study tried to integrate the theory of planned behavior（TPB）and health action process oriented theory（HAPA）based on the questionnaire and data analysis of 1207 adolescents.The results showed that：（1）5 factor model TPB is good fitting degree,subjective norm and perceived behavioral control together explained 84% of the variance in behavioral intention.Subjective norm,perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention together explained 24% of the variance of exercise behavior.（2）The 9 factors of the HAPA model is good fitting degree,self action efficiency explained 63% of the variance in behavioral intention by the action,efficacy and coping self-efficacy,behavior intention and plan jointly explained 28% of the variance of exercise behavior.（3）HAPA and TPB integration model fitting degree is good,action self-efficacy and subjective norm together explained 72% of the variance in behavioral intention,self-efficacy,coping efficacy,by action the behavior intention and plan jointly explained 27% of the variance of exercise behavior.Conclusion：TPB theory and HAPA theory have cross cultural adaptation in the field of youth sports exercise behavior.Integrated model of TPB and HAPA theory showed no obvious advantage in the prediction of adolescent exercise behavior,it need to integrate other social cognitive variables to predict the model on follow-up studies.