亲属立法的人性基础

On the human basis nature of family law legislation

人性本身无所谓善恶,其涵盖"人的动物性"和"人的社会性"。前者涵盖性冲动和生存欲两种自然欲求,后者涵盖性结合方式和群体性生活方式两种社会要求。亲属立法并不直接以人性为基础,从人性界分到亲属立法,中间需要有婚姻家庭伦理的介入。婚姻家庭伦理是对"人的动物性"和"人的社会性"进行道德评价的结果。婚姻伦理通过性禁忌、贞操观念分别对性冲动、性结合方式进行规制,家庭伦理通过不伤害原则、"同居共财"伦理/物权平等伦理分别对生存欲、群体性生活方式进行规制,而立法对婚姻家庭伦理的吸纳采歉抑路径。人性善恶假设是影响中西方亲属立法价值取向的关键原因。中国立法应以个体主义为基础,兼顾家庭本位的整体主义。

It does not matter good or evil that human nature covers animal attributes and social attributes.The former covers two kinds of natural attributes which are sexual impulses and survival desire, and the latter includes cohesive combination mode and group life style. Family law legislation is not directly based on human nature but there should be the intervention of marriage and family ethics which is the result of moral evaluation of animal attributes and social attributes. Marriage ethics should regulate sexual impulses and cohesive combination mode in the ways of sexual taboos and chastity idea respectively. Family ethics should regulate survival desire and group life style in the way of the principle of non-injury, " cohabitation" concept and equal ethical spirit of property rights. Family law legislation should absorb marriage and family ethics to " do something but not everything". The humanity hypothesis of good and evil is the key reason affecting the value orientation of China and western family law. China's family law legislation should be based on individualism taking into account of the family-based holism.