面向智慧教育的思维教学

Teaching Thinking Skills to Promote Smarter Education

思维能力的培养一直是学校教育所有阶段都强调的教学目标。思维教学的代表性研究与成果显示,思维教学的核心目标和智慧教育目标高度统一,都是培养智慧学习者。智慧教育中的学生思维是将聚合思维与发散思维进行有效整合的思维,是成长型思维。智慧教育中对学生思维的关注既超越了学科教学界限,又蕴含于学科教学活动之中。因此,智慧教育中的思维教学应以学生为中心的教学理念为起点,突破分科教学的设计局限,培养学生的高级思维能力,提升学生的认知参与程度。作为一种智慧教学法,面向智慧教育的思维教学是建立在综合分析智慧学习者的学习特征和性格特征基础之上的。学校教育需要为每个人的个性发展创造条件。智慧课堂中的思维教学只有从"教师为中心"转变为"以学生为中心",把学习的主动权交还给学生,才能为智慧人才的培育做好基本的课堂环境准备。

One of the most important instructional objectives in schooling is to develop students' thinking skills. Previous typical research on teaching thinking skills have revealed that the core target of teaching thinking skills and smarter education is identical in preparing smart learners. The thinking skills what we encourage students to obtain are the Growth Mindsets, which demonstrate the integration of convergent thinking skills and divergent thinking skills. In smarter education, teaching students' thinking skills will not only be necessary to transcend the boundaries of various subjects but also be important to reflect in cross-disciplinary learning activities. Therefore, as educators, we need to teach thinking skills in smarter education within a new landscape that starts from practicing the concept of learner-centered teaching, break through the limitation of instructional design in one subject,develop students' higher order thinking skills, and enhance students' cognitive involvement in learning. As a kind of smart teaching method, teaching thinking skills in smarter education is a wise teaching method based on the comprehensive analysis of learning characteristics and personality characteristics of smart learners. Schools should create a positive learning environment for everyone's individual development. Only the instructional philosophy of teaching thinking skills in smart classrooms shift from the"teacher-centered"to"student-centered", it is possible for us to make an appropriate learning environment for smart learners since they have opportunities to share their own learning responsibilities.