如何培养计算思维——基于2006-2016年研究文献及最新国际会议论文

How to Cultivate Computational Thinking——A Review of the International Publications in the Past Decade and the International Conference on Computational Thinking Education in 2017

计算思维是当前国际计算机领域广为关注的重要概念,也是信息技术教育中的研究热点。计算思维是思维方式的一种,是利用计算科学的基本概念和方法,结合工程思维、数学思维等多种思维方式和特点,进行问题求解、系统建构和人类行为理解的思维过程。关注问题解决方案的形成过程,培养学生像计算机科学家那样去思考问题,是计算思维培养的宗旨。计算思维的培养不等同于程序设计或编程教学。从国际上的经验来看,可以通过多学科整合和不同教育阶段共同关注,将计算思维融入学生知识学习和问题解决过程,从而达到培养学生计算思维的目的。目前美国及欧洲各国的研究中,计算思维受到国家政策与项目支撑较多,亚洲各国在计算思维领域重视程度相对较低。计算思维教育的测评是现阶段研究的薄弱环节,是未来研究的重点内容。我国计算思维教育实践和研究刚刚起步,需要国家和相关研究机构更多重视和支持,在借鉴国外经验基础上,构建符合我国教育实践需求的计算思维培养课程体系、评价方法和教师专业发展策略。

Computational thinking is an important concept which the international computer community pays attention to, and is also a research hotspot in the current information technology education. Computational thinking is a kind of way of thinking, and a thinking process of problem solving, system construction and human behavior comprehension by means of basic concepts and methods of computer science, combined with thinking modes and characteristics of engineering thinking and mathematical thinking. Focusing on the formation of problem solution,and training students to think like computer scientists are the purpose of computational thinking education. The cultivation of computational thinking is not equivalent to programming or programming teaching. According to the international experience, the computational thinking can be integrated into student learning and problem solving through the multidisciplinary integration and the same focus at different education stages, so as to achieve the purpose of training students' computational thinking. At present, there are more computational thinking researches in the United States and other European countries than the Asian countries, which are supported by the national policies and projects. The evaluation of computational thinking education is the weakest point of current research and it should be the main content in the future research. In China, the practice and research of computationalthinking education has just started. It needs more attention and support from the state and relevant research institutions, in order to construct our curriculum system, evaluation method and teacher's professional development strategy that complies with the demands and current situation of China's education practice.