带型及施氮水平对玉米间作豌豆群体光分布的影响

Effect of band pattern and nitrogen application levels on light distribution in maize-pea intercropping systems

【目的】针对绿洲灌区优化间作群体受光结构缺乏理论依据,间作增产技术依据不足等问题,旨在为构建利于提高光能利用率的间作模式提供理论依据.【方法】以玉米间作豌豆为研究对象,在不施氮、传统施氮量减施1/3、传统施氮量和3∶4带型(3行玉米∶4行豌豆)、2∶4带型(2行玉米∶4行豌豆)配置下,研究了玉米间作豌豆群体内的光分布及消光特征.【结果】在整个生育期,与单作相比,间作有利于群体内的光分布,间作底层光强高于单作,豌豆高25.7%~156.7%,玉米高50%~316.2%.间作底部的透光率也高于单作,豌豆高51.2%~55.9%,玉米高236.9%~237.8%.豌豆上部第2层光强间作比单作高32.4%~103.0%,玉米高1.1%~39.5%.随施氮量的增加底层透光率降低,3∶4和2∶4传统施氮间作处理较减施1/3氮肥和不施氮间作模式冠层底部光强低,且3∶4间作处理的受光结构优于2∶4间作处理.【结论】玉米/豌豆间作为3∶4带型,施肥量为450kg/hm2是最适宜试区玉米/豌豆间作群体光照结构的模式参数.

【Objective】Aiming at the problems of lack of theoretical basis in optimizing colony structure of the intercropping group in the oasis irrigation district and insufficient basis for yield-increasing techniques by intercropping,in order to provide theoretical basis for constructing intercropping pattern helpful in improving the solar energy efficiency.【Method】Taking maize-peas intercropping as research object,designing the patterns including no nitrogen application,reducing N application by 1/3 of the traditional,traditional nitrogen application and 3∶4 band type(3 rows of corn∶4 rows of peas),2∶4 band type(2 rows of corn∶4 rows of peas)to study the light distribution and extinction characteristics within the maize-pea intercropping group.【Result】Compared with monoculture,intercropping was beneficial to the light distribution within the group,and the light intensity at the bottom of intercropping group was higher than that of monoculture,peas was higher by 25.7%~156.7% and corn by 50.0%~316.2%.The light transmittance at the bottom of intercropping group was higher than that of the monoculture,peas higher by 51.2% ~55.9% and corn by 236.9%~237.8%.The intercropping light intensity of the second layers on the upperpart of peas was higher by 32.4%~103.0% than that of the monoculture and corn by 1.1% ~39.5%.With the increase of nitrogen application,the lower light transmittance decreased.The light intensity at the bottom of intercropping canopy of 3∶4 and 2∶4 band pattern under the conventional nitrogen application decreased compared with the treatment reducing 1/3 Napplication and no N application,and the colony structure of 3∶4 band pattern was better than that of the 2∶4 band pattern.【Conclusion】Maize/peas intercropping as a 3∶4 band pattern and the fertilization rate at 450 kg/hm2 level was the most suitable model parameters for light structure of the maize/pea intercropping group in the test area.