自我构念对大学新生适应和孤独感的影响——控制感的中介作用

The Influence of Self-construal on the Adjustment and Loneliness of Freshmen: Mediating Role of Perceived Control

大学新生适应不仅影响学习生活的顺利完成,对健康人生观、价值观的树立也具有重要作用,是高校教育工作的主要课题。采用问卷调查方法,对414名大一新生的适应状况、孤独感、自我构念和控制感进行研究,发现大一新生整体适应较好,但在不同的适应维度上存在差异。自我构念和控制感与适应显著正相关,与孤独感显著负相关,具有二元型自我观的大学新生适应最好,孤独感最低。个人控制在独立自我与适应,人际控制在互依自我与适应关系中存在部分中介作用;互依自我通过人际控制感的部分中介作用影响孤独感。为提升大学新生的适应,高校应充分发挥学生主导作用,促进学生自我成长,增强个人和人际控制感,建立学生、家庭、学校和社会多方联动的机制。

The freshmen's adjustment not only influences the smooth completion of school life,but also plays an important role in the establishment of the healthy outlook on life and values. It is a main subject for the educational work in universities. By use of the questionnaire method,this paper studies 414 freshmen's adjustment,loneliness,self-construal and perceived control. The result shows that they adjust well on the whole,but have differences in the different dimensions of adjustment. Self-construal and perceived control are correlated with adjustment positively but with loneliness negatively. The freshmen with binary-form self-concept adjust best and have the lowest level of loneliness. The personal efficacy partially mediates the relationship between independent self-construal and adjustment,while the interpersonal control partially mediates the relationship between interdependent self-construal and adjustment. However,only the interpersonal control partially mediates the relationship between interdependent self-construal and loneliness. In order to improve the freshmen's adjustment level,the universities should give full play to the students' leading role,promote their self-growth,strengthen the individual and interpersonal perceived control and establish the linked system of students,families,universities and society.