中国跨越潜在“中等收入陷阱”的新增长战略:从追赶导向到竞争导向

China's New Growth Strategy for Overcoming the Potential "Middle-Income Trap"

驱动经济增长的根本动力在于技术进步,跌入"中等收入陷阱"的深层机制是在国家技术差距基本面发生阶段性变化后,驱动经济增长的动力未能适时转换而陷入"技术追赶陷阱"。对于技术差距已处于准技术前沿阶段的发展中经济体,应加快由追赶导向型转为竞争导向型的新增长战略,即通过扩大市场和要素竞争、构建阶梯递强的知识产权保护制度、由引进资本到引进竞争的外资利用环境,以及实施竞争兼容型的创新补贴政策等,支撑较快的技术进步率及经济增长率,从而跨越"陷阱",继续向国际前沿经济体逼近。

The fundamental driving force of economic growth lies in technological advancement.Whydoes a country fall into the "middle-income trap" ? The deep-rooted cause is that while itstechnological fundamentals have significantly improved,it has failed to upgrade its economicgrowth drivers and therefore falls into the "technological chasing trap".For developingeconomies who lag behind the developed economies only in frontier technologies,they shouldadopt a competition-oriented strategy instead of the traditional chasing-oriented strategy; inother words,they should expand competition in product and factor market,build a multi-layerintellectual property protection system,attract more foreign companies to increase competition,and adopt an innovation subsidy policy so as to bolster fast technological advancement andeconomic growth to overcome the middle-income trap and catch up with the developedeconomies.