湖南省2014-2017监测年度流行性感冒哨点监测病原学结果分析

Analysis of pathogenic detection results of influenza sentinel surveillance in Hunan Province from 2014 to 2017

目的通过分析湖南省2014年第14周~2017年第13周流行性感冒(流感)哨点监测病原学检测结果,研究流感的流行特征和规律。方法全省14个市州的23家哨点医院,每家医院每周采集20例流感样病例的咽拭子标本,标本采用病毒分离方法检测,并采用血凝试验和血凝抑制试验进行病毒鉴定与分型,检测结果进行描述分析并使用统计学软件进行计算。结果 2014-2017年湖南省共检测流感样病例标本78 909份,分离并鉴定出流感毒株4 061株,检测阳性率为5.15%。毒株的型别分布为:H3N2亚型占有最高比例,占42.28%(1 717/4 061),其次为B型Victoria系和甲型H1N1亚型,分别占21.08%(856/4 061)和20.46%(831/4 061)。流感确诊病例年龄组构成比最多的为1~4岁组,占35.34%(1 434/4 058)。男性确诊病例多于女性,男女性别比1.27∶1(2 270∶1 788)。时间分布上一共主要有5个流行高峰出现。三年检测阳性率最高的市州分别是长沙(9.75%)、株洲(11.59%)和湘潭(8.12%)。结论湖南省2014-2017年度流感流行的季节性特征明显,每年优势毒株不同,15岁以下的少年儿童可能为流感的高发群体。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and regularity of influenza by analyzing the influenza sentinel surveillance data in Hunan Province during the 14th week of 2014 and the 13th week of 2017. Methods Throat swabs from 20 influenza-like cases were collected every week in the outpatient department of 23 sentinel hospitals in all the 14 cities of the province. The samples were tested by virus isolation. And the hemagglutination assay and the he- magglutination inhibition assay were used to identify and classify influenza viruses. Test results were described and ~nalyzed by using statistical software for calculations. Results A total of 78 909 respiratory specimens of influenza-like cases were detected in Hunan Province from 2014 to 2017. 4 061 influenza strains were isolated and identified, with a positive rate of 5.15%. H3N2 subtype influenza viruses accounted for the highest proportion, with 42. 28% （ 1 717/4 061 ）. Victoria line- age of type B and H1N1 subtype accounted for the second and third proportions, with 21.08% （856/4 061） and 20.46% （831/4 061 ）, respectively. The 1-4 years old group had the largest proportion of the age group ratio of influenza confirmed cases, accounting for 35.34% （ 1 434/4 058）. The number of male cases was more than that of females, and the male to female ratio was 1.27 ： 1 （ 2 270 ： 1 788 ）. There were five major peaks in the time distribution. The cities with the highest positive rates in three years were Changsha （9. 75% ）, Zhuzhou （ 11.59% ） and Xiangtan （8. 12% ）, respectively. Conclusions The seasonal characteristics of the influenza in Hunan Province in 2014 - 2017 are obvious. The dominant strains are different each year. The children under 15 years may be the high incidence group.