中国页岩气开发管理创新研究

Innovative management of shale gas development in China: Summary of successful scenarios

涪陵、长宁—威远和昭通等国家级页岩气示范区的成功建设,主要得益于地质理论、工程技术和组织管理等三个方面的创新。其中,地质理论创新是基础,工程技术创新是支柱,组织管理创新则是效益开发的关键。页岩气勘探开发项目的管理创新包括政府和企业两个层面:(1)政府层面主要是制度创新,制定适应页岩气资源特点和行业发展需要的新规则,建立上中下游全方位开放的页岩气行业管理体制;(2)生产企业层面主要是管理制度创新、组织创新和管理方法创新,通过采用4种新型管理模式、"地质工程一体化"和"地面地下一体化"的项目组织方式、发挥好高效集成的"团队工作"优势,推动技术进步和产业发展。结论认为:国内页岩气产量要实现"十三五"发展规划目标,政府层面的制度创新需要在资源管理、环保监管和产业扶持政策等方面进一步解放思想;而企业层面则需要提高管理效率、强化降本增效措施,加大力度推广钻完井和压裂核心工程的"工厂化"作业模式,提高非核心工程和生产运行服务的市场化程度。

Successful practices of Fuling, Changning-Weiyuan and Zhaotong national shale gas demonstration zones have mainly benefitted from the innovation of fundamental geologic theories, supporting engineering technologies and essential organizing management. The innovative management of shale gas exploration and development include two levels of government and enterprises, in the former of which system innovation is the essential to setting new rules adaptable for shale gas characteristics and industrial development requirement and to establishing a management system for the shale gas sector with a fully-open market from upstream, to middle- and downstream, while in the latter of which innovation mainly manifest in management system, organization and methodologies; and through four types of new management modes, integrated geological studies ＆ engineering designs and integrated ground construction ＆ downhole operation, the high efficiency and integration of ＂team working＂ have been fully exploited to promote the advances in technologies and progresses in the shale gas sector. In conclusion, to achieve the goal of shale gas productivity in the 13th Five-Year Plan, the government should further free minds in the aspects of resources management, environmental regulation, industrial supporting policies, etc., while enterprises should improve their management efficiency, adopt more measures for cost decreasing and benefit increasing, promote the factory-like operation mode in drilling, completion and fracturing projects, and improve the marketability degree of non-core engineering and production services.