气质联用和化学计量学比较不同品种和产地麝香挥发性成分组成

Comparison of Volatile Chemical Compositions of Moschus from Different Species and Producing Areas by GC-MS and Chemometric Analysis

目的：建立麝香及其代用品人工麝香中挥发性化学成分分析方法及麝香酮含量测定方法,探索品种和产地对麝香药材质量的影响,为麝香质量评价提供科学依据。方法：采用GC-MS分析麝香中挥发性化学成分的组成并测定麝香酮的含量,采用聚类分析、主成分分析等化学计量学方法综合评价不同品种和产地对麝香药材的质量。结果：林麝、马麝、原麝3种天然麝香的挥发性化学成分组成相似,主要含有麝香酮、雄酮、乙酸去氢表雄酮、雄烷二醇、胆固醇、胆甾烷醇等,但不同品种和产地天然麝香所含成分的相对含量差别较大;人工麝香的主要成分为麝香酮、表雄酮、油酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸、硬脂酸、棕榈酸等,与天然麝香所含成分差别较大;不同产地林麝麝香中麝香酮质量分数为（1.21±0.42）%,马麝麝香中麝香酮质量分数为（0.26±0.15）%,原麝麝香中麝香酮质量分数为5.68%,人工麝香中麝香酮质量分数为5.07%。结论：不同品种和产地麝香所含挥发性化学成分种类及麝香酮含量差别较大,提示不同品种和产地对麝香质量影响较大,因此在人工驯养麝过程中应注意品种和产地的选择;同时,人工麝香和天然麝香化学组成也有较大差异,提示人工麝香处方配比可能有待进一步优化。

Objective： To establish a method for the analysis of volatile chemical compositions and determination of muscone in Moschus,explore the impact of species and producing areas on the quality of Moschus,and provide scientific basis for its quality evaluation. Method： Chemical compositions and contents of muscone in Moschus were analyzed by GC-MS,and chemometric analysis methods such as hierarchical cluster analysis（HCA）and principal component analysis（PCA） were used to comprehensively evaluate the effect of different species and producing areas on the quality of Moschus. Result： The volatile chemical compositions in three kinds of natural moschus（Moschus berezovskii, M. sifanicus, M. moschiferus） were similar and mainly included muscone,androsterone,dehydroepiandrosterone acetate,androstanediol,cholesterol and cholestanol,et al,but the relative contents of those compounds were different among the natural moschus of different species and producing areas.Artificial Moschus mainly contained muscone,epiandrosterone,ethyl oleate,hydroxybenzoic acid,stearic acid,and palmitic acid,et al,which was very different from natural Moschus. The average content of muscone was（1. 21 ± 0. 42） % in M. berezovskii from different producing areas,（0. 26 ± 0. 15） % in M. sifanicus from different producing areas,5. 68% in M. moschiferus from Anhui province,and 5. 07% in artificial Moschus. Conclusion：The Moschus of different species and producing areas had different chemical compositions and content of muscone,suggesting that different species and producing areas had great effects on the quality of Moschus,so it is necessary to pay attention to species and producing areas in the process of musk domestication; meanwhile,the artificial Moschus and natural Moschus also showed great differences in chemical compositions,suggesting that ratio in artificial Moschus prescription needs to be further optimized.