甘肃礼县大堡子山秦墓及附葬车马坑发掘简报

The Excavation of the Burials and the Attendant Chariot-and-horse Pit of the Qin State at Dabuzishan in Lixian County, Gansu

2015~2016年,秦文化与西戎文化联合考古队对大堡子山遗址进行了抢救性发掘,共发掘墓葬4座(M30~M33)和车马坑1座(K32)。墓葬与车马坑形制均为长方形竖穴土坑,除M33为南北向外,其余均为东西向。M31、M32随葬器物较为丰富,有铜器、陶器、玉石器等,其中M32随葬有鼎、簋、壶等铜礼器。车马坑内放置两车四马,出土器物主要为铜车马器和兵器。根据墓葬形制、葬式、出土器物及车马坑与墓葬位置关系判断,M31、M32、K32为两周之际秦公嬴姓宗族墓葬及附葬车马坑。

In 2015 and 2016, Joint Archaeological Team for Qin and Western Rong Cultures conducted rescue excavation to the Dabuzishan Site, by which four burials(numbered as M30 through M33) and one chariot-and-horse pit( K32) were recovered. All of the burials and the chariot-and-horse pit were rectangular earthen shaft pits; except for M33, which was in north-south orientation, all of them were in east-west orientation. M31 and M32 yielded rich grave goods, including bronzes, pottery wares,jade and stone implements, etc. From M32, bronze ritual vessels such as ding-tripods, gui-tureens and vases were unearthed. In the chariot-and-horse pit, two chariots and four horses were buried; the artifacts unearthed from it were mainly bronze chariot and horse fittings and weapons. By the burial forms, burial positions, unearthed artifacts and the relationship between the chariot-and-horse pit and the burials, the M31, M32 and K32 are estimated to be the clan burials of the Ying Family, the family of the Duke of Qin in the transitional period between the Western Zhou Dynasty and Eastern Zhou Period, and the chariot-and-horse pit accompanying them.