典签职能异化与南朝政治变迁

The Abnormal Evolution of Dianqian's Vocation and Vicissitudes of Southern Dynasties' Politics

典签始为寒门小吏,负责掌管府州内部的机要文书。南朝时期,典签的职能表现出明显的异化倾向,对宗王方镇负有监察之责,随着还都启事制度的确立,典签的权势被最大化,表现出畸重态势。典签的命运变迁,是东晋南朝皇权政治与门阀政治展开激烈斗争的现实映射。典签作为寒人阶层的代表之一,因此成为皇权政治的战略盟友,其权力畸重反映了斗争的激烈化和白热化。可以说,典签制度的异化在一定程度上推动了皇权政治的回归,不过因为其异化是特殊时期的特殊现象,故又注定了这种因异化而获取的权势无法长久地存在,必然会随着皇权与门阀两大集团斗争趋缓而逐渐退散。

Originally,as one kind of petty official who generally came from poor families,the responsibility of Dianqian was taking care of the confidential documents in local government. In the period of Southern Dynasty,however,the vocation of Dianqian became obviously aberrant,with its authority being maximized and being weighed heavily when Dianqian was given the duty of supervising the local chief's town,and when the announcing system of returning capital was established. The vicissitudes of Dianqian's fate was in fact the reflection of the severe political struggle between the imperial authority and the traditional powerful families. Dianqian,who came from the lowest classes in society,became the strategic friend of royal authority in politics. This aberrant phenomenon reflected the violence and heatedness of the fighting. To some extent,the abnormal evolution of Dianqian's vocation promoted the returning of royal politics,but because this aberrance was a special phenomenon in the special period,the authority gained in this aberrance was destined to exist not for long time and would disperse gradually when the struggle between royalty and traditional powerful families tended to slow down.