服虔《通俗文》复音词的构词方式和词类特点

Word Formation and Characteristics of Polysyllabic Word in Fuqian's Popular Prose

东汉服虔所撰《通俗文》,是我国最早对口语词进行诠释的辞书,对研究中古汉语,尤其是中古汉语的方言俗语有着很高的价值。《通俗文》中复音词大多数继承了先秦汉语复音词,但在继承中又有所发展和变化。从构词方式上看,联合式复合词所占的比例最大,其次是偏正式,动宾式、述补式都有所发展,出现了主谓式。从词类上看,由联合式构成的复合词,名词居多,动词次之,形容词又次之。这些都表现出了与先秦有异、与中古一致的特征,是中古时期以东汉为起点的有力佐证。

The book Popular Prose,which was written by Fuqian in Eastern Han Dynasty,is the first dictionary that explains spoken words in China. This book has great value for the research on Chinese in middle ages,especially the dialect and common sayings of Chinese in middle ages. Most of the polysyllabic words in Popular Prose inherited the polysyllabic words of Chinese in pre-Qin dynasty,but there existed also development and change in the inheritance. Viewed from word formation,the coordinative compound occupies the largest proportion of all words,next to it is the modifying compound,the compound of verb-objective and narration& complement also develop to some extent,and the subject-predict compound appears. Viewed from word class,in the coordinative compound the noun is the most,next to it is verb,and then adjective,which represent the characteristics that are different from pre-Qin dynasty and same with Chinese in middle ages,and this is the forceful proof that the middle ages of China starts from eastern Han dynasty.