先秦两汉顺承连词研究——以出土医书为中心的考察

Research on the Sequential Connectives in Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties——Investigation Centered around the Unearthed Medical Books

马王堆医书、武威医简等出土医籍是口语性较强的文献,能真实地反映汉语早期语言的面貌。其顺承连词主要有"而""然后""乃若""则""因""遂""于是""即""且""乃""亦"11个,基本承袭先秦汉语,其中"然后"和"于是"一直沿用到现代汉语中。介宾短语"于是"在出土医书中已完全虚化为顺承连词,"乃若"是出土医书中新产生的复音连词。考察出土医书中的顺承连词,对于纵向理解先秦两汉顺承连词的使用情况及语义的发展路径具有参考意义。

Mawangdui medical books and Wuwei medical bamboo scripts bore a high degree of colloquialism,which could truly reflect the characteristics of Chinese language in early period. There are mainly 11 sequential connectives in the unearthed medical books: "而( er) ","然后( ranhou) ","乃若( nairuo) ","则( ze) ","因( yin) ","遂( sui) ","于是( yushi) ","即( ji) ","且( qie) ","乃( nai) ",and"亦( yi) ". These sequential connectives were basically inherited from Pre-Qin dynasty Chinese language,among which"然后( ranhou) "and "于是( yushi) "have been used in modern Chinese language. The prepositional objective phrase"于是( yushi) "had been completely emptied into sequential connective in the unearthed medical books,and the sequential connective"乃若( nairuo) "was a newly generated polysyllabic connective in the unearthed medical books. Investigation on the sequential connectives in the unearthed medical books may have certain significance for understanding how the sequential connectives were used,and how the semantic meaning of them developed in Pre-Qin and Han dynasties.