秸秆覆盖与灌水深度对湘南晚稻产量、米质与水分利用的影响

Effect of Straw Mulching and Irrigation Depth on Yield,Rice Quality and Water Utilization of Late Rice in Southern Hunan

为构建和完善湘南晚稻高产高效栽培技术体系,以‘丰源优299’为试验材料,在衡阳县开展大田试验比较研究了晚稻在不同秸秆覆盖(覆盖或不覆盖)和不同灌水深度(5 cm和10 cm)条件下的产量、稻米品质和水分利用效率。结果表明:深灌处理分蘖较多,但成穗率较低;深灌处理最大叶面积指数较大,但孕穗后降幅也较大;秸秆覆盖处理地上部干物重小于不覆盖处理,而浅灌与深灌处理干物质积累差异不大;秸秆覆盖与不覆盖处理间产量差异不大,而浅灌处理较深灌处理产量显著增加,增幅为4.2%~4.6%,处理间产量差异主要由有效穗数差异所致;灌溉深度和秸秆覆盖对稻米加工品质无影响,但浅灌可在一定程度上改善稻米外观品质和食味品质,而秸秆覆盖使稻米外观品质和食味品质降低;浅灌可显著提高稻田水分利用效率,而秸秆覆盖作用较小。可见,本试验条件下,秸秆覆盖对湘南晚稻作用较小,而浅水灌溉可达到增产、提质与提高水分利用效率的目的。

To establish the high - yielding and efficient cultivation technique system for late rice in southern Hunan,fieldexperiment was conducted to comparatively study the yield, quality and water use efficiency of late rice under different con-ditions of straws mulching and irrigation depth with material of Fenguanyou 299 in Hengang county. The results showed that the tillers of deep irrigation treatment （ DIT） were more, while its earbearing tiller percentage was lower. Lea area in-dex of DIT was bigger,while its decrease after booting stage was bigger. The dry matter weight of no - mulching treatment （NMT） was higher than that of mulching treatment （ MT） , while there was no clear difference bet^veen DIT and rigation treatment （SIT）. The rice yield had no clear difference between NMT and MT,while that of SIT was significantly higher than that of DIT by 4. 2% -4.6% , and the difference in yield was induced by effective panicles. The irrigation depth and straw mulching had no effect on processing quality of rice,while shallow irigation could improve performanceand tasting quality,and straw mulching had adverse effect on performance and tasting quality. Shallowirrigation could sig-nificantly improve water utilization efficiency, while straw mulching had little impact. In this study, stra^v mulcclear effect on late rice in southern Hunan, while shallow irrigation could improve yield, quality and water use efficiency oflater rice.