长江中游地区水稻生产可持续发展战略研究

The sustainable development strategy of rice production in the middle reaches of Yangtze River

长江中游地区水稻生产在全国占有重要地位。该地区水稻生产具有起源早、历史久,产量高、贡献大,力量强、成果多,条件优、潜力大等诸多优势与特征。当前,我国正在实施以共抓大保护、不搞大开发为导向的长江经济带发展战略,长江中游地区水稻生产的绿色发展、可持续发展显得尤为重要和迫切。本研究以确保国家粮食安全为切入点,通过对长江中游地区水稻生产地位与特征的分析,指出了当前该地区水稻生产面临的问题,从区域尺度上提出了水稻生产可持续发展的战略对策与措施。研究表明,导致该地区水稻可持续发展能力下降的主要表现:水稻种植面积缩减,产量下降,品质降低;劳力缺乏,耕地撂荒越来越严重;规模偏小,机械化程度低;土壤污染严重,养地重视不足;经济效益偏低;基础脆弱,灾害加重。为实现该地区水稻生产的可持续发展,不仅要恢复种植面积,提高单产,还要继续加大政策扶持,不断扩大规模,提高机械化程度,进一步提高生产效益和调动农民积极性,另外,还要重视养地,加快修复农田污染,做到防灾减灾、"六良"配套。

Rice production in the middle reaches of Yangtze River plays an important role in China. It has many advantages, including 10ng history, high yield, and big economic contribution. In the context of Yangtze River economic belt, the rice production in the middle reaches of Yangtze River is very important, too. To ensure national food security, this study analyzed the status, characteristics, and some problems of rice production in the middle reaches of Yangtze River and provided some policy suggestions for the sustainable development of rice industry. Results show that rice production in the middle reaches of Yangtze River is facing some significant problems, including the shrinkage of rice field, decreasing rice yield, declining rice quality, the shortage of labor, increasing deserted field, small production scale, low mechanization level, serious soil pollution, declining soil fertility, low economic re^xn, weak foundation, and increasing disaster risks. These problems will negatively impact the sustainable development of rice production. To maintain the sustainable development of the rice industry in this region, this paper suggests： to recover the lost rice field, to increase rice yield, to enhance policy support, to expand the operation scales, and to improve production mechanization levels. In addition, increasing soil fertility, treating soil pollution, preventing and reducing disaster risks, and applying ＂six good＂ measures are also important to the rice production in the middle reaches of Yangtze River.