自然资源设置两级产权的构想——基于生态文明的思考

Conception of Two-Level Property Rights Set by Natural Resources——Based on Ecological Civilization

产权是所有制的核心。产权是生态文明制度建设的基础。产权源自于所有权,但又超越所有权,是所有权权能结构化、社会化的产物。我国国有资源产权制度缺失,导致了严重的生态环境风险。地方政府以国家名义实际代行所有权,吃国家所有权"大锅饭",吃资源环境"大锅饭",产权收益流失,生态环境恶化。我国应创新产权理论,从经济产权转向生态产权,以此为指导,构建纵向产权,理顺中央与地方之间的产权关系,建立与两级治理结构相适应的两级产权制度。

The property right is the key of the ownership system. It is the foundation of construction of the ecological civilization system. It comes from the ownership but goes beyond ownership. It is a structured and socialized product based on the ownership. With distempered state-owned property fights system, the ecological environment risk has been increased in China. Local governments execute the ownership in the authority of the nation, obtain benefits from the state ownership and nature resources regardless of inputs and responsibilities, which decreases the income over the property fight and makes the environment worse. China should bfing new ideas on the property right theoryand transfer economic property rights to ecological property fights, and base on that, set up vertical property fights, straighten up the relationship between the central government and local governments, establish a two-level property rights system that is compatible with the two-tier governance structure.