新中国发展地方科学工作方针的形成与调整

The Formation and Adjustment of Developing Local Science Work Policy in New China

从1955年开始,发展地方科学工作开始纳入国家的议事日程,其发展方针在较短的时间内经历了形成与调整的过程。1957年,国家初步明确地方科学工作应主要利用现有力量,密切结合地方建设的需要来进行。"大跃进"运动期间,地方科研机构的大量增长为地方科学技术的发展打下了一定的基础,但同时也导致一些地方的科学工作脱离了实际需要,重复建设,造成了巨大的浪费。"大跃进"运动后,"两当"方针被确立为地方科学工作的基本方针,从而有力地推动了地方科技事业的发展。

Since 1955, the development of local science work had begun to be included in the national agenda, and its development policy had undergone a process of formation and adjustment in a relatively short period. In 1957, the state initially clarified that local science work should be carried out in close connection with the needs of local constructions by using existing forces. During the "Great Leap Forward" movement, substantial growth of the local scientific research institutions had laid a certain foundation on the development of local science and technology, but at the same time, it had also made some local scientific work separate from the actual needs and some repeated construction which formed huge wastes. After the "Great Leap Forward" movement, the policy of "Liang Dang" had been established as the basic policy of local science work and had greatly promoted the development of local science and technology undertakings.