鞍钢矿山选矿全尾砂浆絮凝沉降试验与优化控制研究

Research on Flocculating Settling Experiment of Full Tailings Slurry and Optimization Control in Anshan Mine

选矿全尾砂浆浓密是全尾砂充填采矿中的重要环节,直接关系到充填生产能力和充填体质量。为了揭示砂浆浓度、絮凝剂选型与单耗、絮凝剂溶液浓度对砂浆沉降速度及底流矿浆浓度的影响规律,针对鞍钢矿山全尾砂浆开展了全尾砂浆絮凝沉淀对比试验研究。初选结果表明,添加絮凝剂对全尾砂浆溶液沉降速度影响显著,2~3 min内即可达到沉降临界点;针对鞍钢张家湾铁矿碱性全尾砂浆,阴离子型的聚丙烯酰胺类高分子絮凝剂效果最好。为了定量评价絮凝沉降速度,提出了从开始到沉降高度达到总沉降量80%时的平均速度来度量,并通过正交试验、极差分析和回归分析,建立底流矿浆浓度、沉降速度与影响因素的函数关系,并采用遗传算法进行多目标参数优化。研究结果表明,当给料浓度为19.21%、絮凝剂单耗为43.54 g/t、絮凝剂溶液的浓度为0.4%时,全尾砂浆的沉降速度最大,达到21.77 cm/min,底流矿浆浓度达到67.04%。该研究为鞍钢矿山全尾砂浆浓密设备选型与参数设计以及优化控制提供理论依据。

The concentration of full tailings slurry is very important for the b^ackfilling mining, and is directly related to the fill- ing production capacity and the quality of filling body. In order to reveal how the sedimentation rate of slurry and the underflow pulp density were influenced by the slurry concentration, the selection and consumption of flocculants, as well as the floccula- nts solution solubility, a contrast test research on flocculating settling of full tailings in Anshan was conducted. The results showed that the addition of flocculants had a significant effect on the settlement of the full tailings slurry. The critical point of settlement could be obtained in only 2-3 minutes. According to alkaline full railings of Zhangjiawan iron ore, anion type of polyacrylamide polymer flocculants had the best effect. In order to quantitatively evaluate the flocculating settling velocity, the average velocity of the total sedimentation rate from the beginning to the 80% of the settlement height was proposed. Through the orthogonal tests, variance analysis and the regression analysis, the function of underflow slurry concentration, sedimenta- tion velocity and effect factors was established. And the multi-objective parameters were optimized by the genetic algorithm. Research conclusion showed that the maximum subsidence speed of full tailings slurry could reach 21.77 cm/min, and the bot- tom slurry concentration achieved 67.04% under the feed concentration of 19.21%, flocculants consumption of 43.54 g/t and flocculants solution concentration of 0.4%. This study provided a theoretical basis for the thickening equipment selection, pa- rameters design and optimization control of full tailings slurry in the Anshan mine.