从黄元御对李时珍的批判看中药对中医义理的依赖

The Dependence of Chinese Herbal Medicine on TCM Argumentation from Huang Yuan-yu's Criticism of Li Shi-zhen

李时珍对本草学的贡献及其在本草学中地位是不容置疑的,《本草纲目》药物收集之丰富、论述之深入、态度之审慎、文采之飞扬,都是绝无仅有的。至于医家用药或拘于地域的限制,或拘于行医科别的限制,甚至或拘于知识层面的限制,用药种类没有本草著作收集的药物种类丰富,这是很自然的。黄元御简单批评《本草纲目》收集药物的丰富是偏颇的。但是《本草纲目》确实如黄元御批评的,收集的药物数量过于驳杂,另外其中一部分药物、药方没有同中医理论很好地结合,这是该书不尽完善的地方。《本草纲目》搜集到的一部分药物、药方没有同中医理论很好地结合,作者的工作还停留在纯粹搜集事实的阶段。如果这些药物不能纳入到中医的理论系统中,就仅仅是个民间药物;如果这些药方不能纳入到中医的理论系统中,就仅仅是个民间偏方、验方。

Li Shi-zhen＇s contribution to herbalism and his status in herbalism is unquestionable. The Grand Compendium of Materia Medica is unique due to the rich collection of drugs, thorough discussion,prudence of attitude,and flying literary grace. It is under- standable that some physicians cannot use enough various types of drugs collected by The Grand Compendium of Materia Medica due to geographical restrictions,different, medical department or knowledge level constraints. The fact that Huang Yuan-yu simply criti- cized the rich collection of is biased. However,the number of the collected drugs by The Grand Compendium ofMateria Medica is too complex, as Huang Yuan-yu criticized. Besides, some drugs and prescriptions in it are not well combined with traditional Chinese medicine theories, which is the weakness of the book. The author＇s work is still at the stage of pure collection of facts. If these drugs can not be included in the theoretical system of Chinese medicine, they are only folk medicines. If these prescriptions can not be in- cluded in tbe theoretical system of Chinese medicine, they are merely folk follies and experience prescriptions.