财政分权、经济增长与环境污染:基于省级面板数据的实证分析

Fiscal Decentralization,Economic Growth and Environmental Pollution: Based on the Empirical Analysis of Provincial Panel Data

从理论层面分析了财政分权、经济增长和环境污染之间的内在逻辑关系，利用中国2005--2014年的省级面板数据，运用固定效应模型就财政分权和经济增长对环境污染的影响进行实证分析。研究发现：第一，财政分权度对环境污染的影响方向依赖于经济发展水平，当经济发展水平较低时，环境污染程度与财政分权度是负相关的；当经济发展水平达到一定程度时，环境污染程度与财政分权度是正相关的。依据数据测算，中国的经济发展水平在2007年达到这一临界值，即财政分权度越高，环境污染越严重。第二，经济增长对环境污染的影响符合环境库兹涅茨曲线，当人均GDP分别为4．9万元和1.3万元时，工业废气和工业固体废物的环境库兹涅茨曲线达到最大值，即随着经济发展水平的提高环境污染将下降。

This paper analyzes the internal logical relationship between fiscal decentralization, economic growth and environmental pollution from the theoretical level, using the fixed effect model based on the provincial panel data of 2005- 2014 in China to analyze the effects of fiscal decentralization and economic growth on environmental pollution. The study found： first, the influence of fiscal decentralization on environmental pollution depends on the level of economic development, when the level is low, the degree of environmental pollution is negatively correlated with the degree of fiscal decentralization; when the level to a certain extent, the degree of environmental pollution is positively correlated with the degree of fiscal decentralization. According to the data, China＇s economic development level has already reached to this threshold in 2007, that is to say, the higher the degree of fiscal decentralization, the more serious environmental pollution will be. Second, the impact of economic growth on environmental pollution is in line with the EKC. When the per capita GDP was 49 thousand CNY and 13 thousand CNY, the EKC of industrial waste gas and industrial solid waste reached the maximum value.