农业秸秆资源化利用现状与评价

Situation and Evaluation of Agricultural Straw Resource Utilization

以河南省某市为对象，采用样方统计与调查统计方法，开展农作物秸秆利用状况研究。结果表明，秸秆肥料化、饲料化、能源化、原料化和基料化利用分别占秸秆可收集量的54．67％、13．05％、4．53％、3．44％、0．91％；小麦、玉米、豆类、花生、红薯秸秆的利用率分别为78．10％、70．46％、87．77％、87．53％、81．64％。制约秸秆利用的主要因素为：农业生产组织模式制约，秸秆收储运体系不完善，秸秆利用配套体系缺失，高效且成熟、适用的秸秆利用技术缺乏，秸秆利用支持政策不完善。秸秆资源化利用的推进策略为：发展秸秆的科学规范还田，推广由企业、农业合作社、农民经纪人主导的秸秆收储运模式，推进秸秆利用产业化发展，建立秸秆利用技术服务体系，发展秸秆利用装备生产，实施支持秸秆资源化利用的政策。

The research on discharge and utilization of crop straw has done, by adopting the combination of quadrat statistics and investigation statistics, a city of Henan Province as the object. The main ways were straw fertilizer, straw feed, straw energy, straw raw materials and straw basic material, that to straw utilization quantity respectively for 54.67%, 13.05%, 4.53%, 3.44%, and 0.91%. The use of wheat, maize, beans, peanuts, sweet potato straw rate were 78.10%, 70.46%, 87.77%, 87.53%, and 81.64%, according to the type of straw. The factors that restrict the utilization of straw are mainly： Agricultural production organization pattern; imperfect the straw collection, storage and transport system; lack of straw use supporting system; lack of high efficiency and mature of straw utilization technology; and lack of straw utilization support policy. The strategies were put forward to the straw utilization： Scientific and standardized development of straw returning; build the straw collection, storage and transport system playing a leading role in enterprises, agricultural cooperatives, and farmers agent; to promote the comprehensive utilization of straw industrialization development; the establishment of technical service system of straw utilization; development of equipment production of straw resources utilization; and the policy of supporting the utilization of straw resources.