基于剩余能量和距离的WSN混合路由算法

WSN hybrid routing algorithms based on residual energy and distance

针对低功耗自适应集簇分层型协议(Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy,LEACH)在簇头选举和数据传输过程存在的不足,提出了一种基于剩余能量和距离的WSN混合路由算法.算法在分簇建立阶段,综合考虑节点剩余能量和簇头到基站距离2种因素对无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Networks,WSN)分簇的影响,采用了2种因素乘积形式对阈值(n T)进行修正.在数据传输阶段,采用混合路由方式进行数据通信,即比较节点到簇头、基站的距离,当节点距离基站较近时,节点直接与基站进行通信,反之,则通过簇头与基站进行通信.结果表明,考虑剩余能量和距离的混合路由算法的网络性能较为优越,其网络生命周期和基站接收数据包数量较传统LEACH算法都有较大提高.

Aiming at the existent insufficiencies in cluster head election and data communication process of the traditional LEACH routing algorithm,a WSN hybrid routing algorithm based on residual energy and distance is proposed.In the cluster building phase,the threshold T（n） is modified by the product form of two factors, considering the effects of the residual energy of nodes and the distance from the cluster to the base station in cluster establishment stage.In the data transfer phase,a hybrid routing approach for data communication is used,namely, the distances from the node to the cluster head and to the base station are compared,when the node is closer to the base station,the node communicates directly with the base station,instead,the node communicates with the base station by the cluster head.The result shown it is superior that the network performance of the hybrid routing algorithms whose residual energy and the distance are considered,and the network life cycle and the number of packets received by the base station of the hybrid routing algorithms are greatly improved compared with the traditional LEACH algorithm.