新中国参与全球海洋治理的进程及经验

The Process and Experience of New China's Participation in Global Ocean Governance

全球海洋治理的治理结构是一个多主体合作的多级结构,包括联合国框架下的国际组织及其规制和行为,区域性的国际组织及其规制和行为,国家间的海洋合作及其规制和行为。新中国参与全球海洋治理的历史进程分为四个时期,1949年至改革开放以前,被治理时期;改革开放至90年代中期,谨慎参与时期;90年代中期至2008年前后,积极参与并有所作为时期;2008年前后至今,全方位参与时期。新中国将参与全球海洋治理与国内海洋事业的发展相结合,将参与全球海洋治理与管控、解决海洋争端相结合,将参与联合国框架下的海洋治理与区域海洋治理、国家间的海洋合作治理相结合,成功走出了一条中国特色的参与全球海洋治理的道路。未来中国应致力于自身海洋治理能力现代化建设,同时推动全球海洋治理向着更加公正合理的方向发展。

The governance structure of global ocean governance is a multi-level structure of multi-agent cooperation,including the international organizations under the framework of the UN,and its regulations and conduct,regional international organizations and their regulations and behavior,maritime cooperation among nations and their regulation and conduct.The historical process of New China's participation in global ocean governance is divided into four periods:from 1949 to 1978,the period of being governed;from 1978 to the mid-90 s,the time of cautious participation;from the mid-1990 sto 2008,the period of active participation and accomplishment;from 2008 to the present,the overall participation.New China has combined global ocean governance and its domestic marine development,its participation in global ocean governance and control and resolution of maritime disputes,its participation of marine governance under the UN framework with regional ocean governance and maritime cooperative governance among nations.In the future,China should commit itself to the modernization of its own marine governance capacity,and promote the development of global ocean governance in a more just and reasonable way.