国家安全审查制度立法的差异性及其国际协调

Legislative Differences inNational Security Review System and Its International Coordination

过去的十年间,国家安全审查制度在许多国家的投资政策中占有越来越重要的地位,许多国家都通过或修改专门立法,建立或进一步完善了基于国家安全目的的审查制度。但是由于"国家安全"定义的不确定性,导致各国投资审查立法实践中存在许多差异。国际条约中安全例外条款也没有对国家安全作出明确定义,因此成员国在具体适用时可能进行扩大化解释。经合组织建议各国政府在国家安全审查立法时,增加政策透明度和成果的可预测性,同时国际仲裁庭在具体案件的审理过程中也试图对国家安全予以进一步解释。

Over the past ten years,the national security review system plays a more and more important role in investment policies in many countries.Many countries have passed special legislation to establish or modify,or to further improve the national security review system.But as a result of the uncertainty of " national security",there are many differences between countries in the legislative practice of investment.The security exception clauses in international treaties do not define the national security clearly,so the member states may expand the explanation when they are applicable.The OECD recommended that governments should increase the transparency and predictability of policies.ICSID also tries to explain "national security" in specific cases.