弃老与日本人的山岳信仰——深泽七郎《楢山節考》的文化意义

Ubasute and Japanese Ancient Mountain Worship——The Cultural Significance of Fukazawa Shichiro's The Ballad of Narayama

日本弃老型民间故事或起源于古老的墓葬制度,因其死亡主题是人类永远无法逃避的命题而具有了持久的影响力。深泽七郎的小说《楢山節考》借用日本及亚洲地区自古流传的"弃老"故事框架,加上独特的艺术创造,获得了读者共鸣。主人公阿林在严酷生存条件下主动"上楢山"的行为,体现了日本庶民阶层以种族繁衍为第一要义的生存伦理,引起了日本社会对近代伦理的反思。小说把弃老地设定在"楢山",这与日本传统山岳信仰是一致的。

Japanese old story of Ubasute,which is about abandoning elderly people,is perhaps derived from their ancient tombs,and has a lasting influence because death is its eternal theme.Fukazawa Shichiro's novel,The Ballad of Narayama,using the tales of Ubasute which circulates in Japan and across Asia,has deeply moved readers with its distinctive artistic creations.This novel embodies the unique existence ethics belonging to the Japanese lowly common people through the hero,Orin,who travels to Mt.Narayama in a harsh living condition.The setting of Ubasute is in Mt.Narayama,which reflects Japanese ancient mountain worship.