水稻—番茄栽培模式下水稻肥料运筹技术研究

A Research on the Fertilizer Application Technology of Rice in Rice-Tomato Cultivation Mode

【目的】探明肥料运筹技术对水稻养分吸收及产量的影响。【方法】试验选择"黄华占"和"桂育9号"两个水稻品种,设置3个处理3次重复,共18个小区。测定了习惯施肥、长效肥、长效肥+硅肥3种施肥处理下水稻农艺性状、叶片氮磷钾含量、叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数变化以及产量。【结果】与习惯施肥处理相比,长效肥、长效肥+硅肥处理降低了两个水稻品种各生育期内叶片的氮磷钾含量,但是差异不显著,长效肥处理降低的幅度较大。不同施肥和不同品种之间水稻叶片的叶绿素含量、Fo、Fm和Fv/Fm存在一定差异,但是差异未达显著水平。长效肥+硅肥处理能提高水稻叶片的Fv/Fm、qP,降低非光化学猝灭系数qN,从而增加PSⅡ天线色素对光能的捕获量和捕获效率,降低热耗散,提高光合速率。长效肥、长效肥+硅肥处理对"桂育9号"品种分别增产15.17%和15.31%。【结论】长效肥以及长效肥配施硅肥虽然对水稻叶片养分含量影响不明显,对"黄华占"品种产量影响不大,但是提高了"桂育9号"产量。

【Objective】In order to explore the effect of fertilizer application technology on the amount of rice output and the amount of nutrition absorbed by the rice plants.【Method】This experiment,which comprises three treatments and three repetitions in 18 small plots,has been conducted with two rice varieties,namely "Huanghuazhan"and "Guiyu 9",adopted as experimental subjects. During the experiment,the authors adopted three fertilizing schemes: conventional fertilizer,long-lasting fertilizer and the combination of long-lasting fertilizer & silicon fertilizer. Then they surveyed the output of the rice plants and monitored their agronomic traits,the content of nitrogen,phosphorus and kalium in the rice leaves,the content of chiorophyll in the rice plants and the change of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters of the rice plants.【Result】As a result,compared with conventional fertilizer,the long-lasting fertilizer and the combination of long-lasting fertilizer & silicon fertilizer lower the content of nitrogen,phosphorus and kalium in the riceleaves of the two rice varieties in all growth stages,but the difference of the content is not very notable,and the rice plants with long-lasting fertilizer contain the lowest amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and kalium.The amount of chiorophyll,the initial fluorescence( Fo),the maximal fluorescence( Fm) and the maximal quantum efficiency( Fv/Fm) of PSII of the leaves with different fertilizing schemes and of the two varieties are different,yet the differences are not obvious. With the combination of long-lasting fertilizer & silicon fertilizer applied,the maximal quantum efficiency( Fm) and photochemical quenching coefficient( qP) of the rice leaves can be enhanced,and the non-photochemical quenching coefficient( qN) can be reduced,thus the light energy absorbed by the antenna pigment and the efficiency of the absorbing is enhanced,and the heat loss was reduced,so the rate of photosynthesis is promoted. As a result,the output of the rice plants of "Guiyu 9"fed with long-lasting fertilizer has increased by 15. 17% ,and the output of the rice plants of the same variety fed with both long-term fertilizer & silicon fertilizer has been increased by 15.31% .【Conclusion】In conclusion,both fertilizing schemes of long-lasting fertilizer and the combination of long-lasting fertilizer& silicon do not have noticeable effect on the nutrition content in rice leaves. With these fertilizers used,the output of "Huanghuazhan "plants remain roughly the same,however,that of"Guiyu 9"plants can be increased.