外国文学经典翻译的复调对话与名家风范

Polyphonic Dialogue and Expert Style in Translation of Foreign Literary Canon

作为翻译艺术中的"雅者",文学翻译与其说是一种语言的翻译,不如说是文化沟通与艺术领悟,或者是思想的交流与价值的传播。倡导翻译的"异化"策略,目的在于为译文读者保留异国情调,即"接受外语文本的语言及文化差异,把读者带入外国情景",以争取原汁原味的"拿来主义"和更好的"文明分享",进而以之反对文化上的霸权主义和种族中心主义。自清末民初以来,启蒙救亡的译途与经典重译的生态、经典复译的风骚与名家名译的争锋、诗歌翻译的危途与形神兼备的风格等共同构成了文学经典译介一个多世纪的时代风骚,并成为中国文明转型与跨文化交流的见证者与实践者。

As an art of elegance in translation, literary translation is rather a kind of cultural communication and understanding of art, or communication of thought and transmission of value than linguistic translation. Advocation of “foreignization” in translation aims to keep exoticism for target-language readers, namely “accept foreign language text and cultural differences and bring readers to exotic circumstance” for seeking the original “copinism” and better “civilization share” so as to resist the cultural hegemonism and ethnocentrism. Since the late Qing dynasty and the early Republic of China, these factors, such as the combination of principle of national salvation through enlightenment and retranslation of canon, the dialogue between canon retranslation and versions of masterpieces by famous translators, the coexistence of difficult situation of poetry translation and the style of unity of form and spirit, has formed the main body of literary canon translation for more than a century, which witnessed and contributed to the transformation of Chinese civilization and cross-cultural communication.