佛教在中国文化语境中的翻译情状与身份建构

Translation and Identity Construction of Buddhism in Chinese Cultural Context

域外宗教进入中国文化语境时,为了构建自身的宗教身份并实现本土化历程,藉由翻译积极地与本土"儒、道"两家思想进行会话。其中,佛教翻译活动经历了从"质朴"到"格义"再到"废译"的过程。这种翻译策略的转变与其传播历程以及传播时所处的中国文化语境的历时情状密切相关。从"质朴"到"格义"的翻译策略转变源于宗教扩散性以及本土化的需求,而从"格义"到"废译"的翻译策略转变则源于宗教身份独立之需。

When foreign religion entered the Chinese cultural context, it would actively converse with the local religion such as Confucianism and Taoism by means of translation, so that it can construct its identity and realize the acculturation process. In the translation history of Buddhism, it began with “simple and unadorned translation”, then “Ge Yi”, i.e. the expoundation of concept of Buddhism with knowledge of Confucianism and Taoism, and followed with “abandoned translation”. The change of its translation policy is closely related to the change of Chinese cultural context. The first period of the change is for the need of the spread and localization of the religion, and the second one is for the need of the independence of the religion from the local ones.