不同灌溉方式下制种玉米叶面积指数、干物质累积与产量研究

Research on the leaf area index,dry matter accumulation with yield of seed maize under different irrigation methods

通过田间试验,研究了畦灌、常规沟灌、隔沟交替灌3种灌溉方式对制种玉米叶面积指数(LAI)、干物质累积及产量的影响。结果表明:不同灌溉方式下制种玉米苗期LAI与产量呈显著正相关关系,抽穗后期LAI与产量呈显著负相关关系,表明在生殖生长后期,应适当采取控水、控肥措施降低植株的生长冗余。隔沟交替灌方式使作物根区土壤保持湿润和干燥区域交替出现,能诱导作物的补偿生长效应。隔沟交替灌(AFI)方式下制种玉米进入干物质快速累积期的时间早于传统沟灌(CFI)与小畦灌(SBI)。制种玉米抽穗期干物质累积量与产量呈显著正相关关系(R^2=0.77)。隔沟交替灌溉方式下,制种玉米全生育期灌水8次,灌溉定额为2 250 m^3·hm^(-2)的灌溉制度能稳定提高经济产量,具有较好的灌水效果,但在抽穗期~灌浆期应考虑适当增加灌水频率或灌水定额。

Through field experiment,the effect of three irrigation methods as small border irrigation( SBI),conventional furrow irrigation( CFI) and alternate furrow irrigation( AFI) on LAI,dry matter accumulation and yield of seed maize were researched. The result showed that: Under different irrigaton methods,the LAI in seeding stage to yield of seed maize assumed a significantly positive correlation,the LAI in heading stage to yield of seed maize assumed a significantly negative correlation. It indicated that appropriate water control and fertilizer control measures should be taken properly for avoiding the growth redundancy in late reproductive stage. Using the AFI method can let crop root zone moist and dry areas appear alternately,it can be induced the effect of compensatory growth,also entering rapid accumulation of dry matter period will be sooner than CFI and SBI. The dry matter accumulation in heading stage to yield assumed significantly positive correlation( R^2= 0.77). Under the alternative furrow irrigation method,the irrigation schedule,as the irrigation times was 8 and irrigation norm was 2 250 m^3·hm^(-2) which can be steadily increased the economic output,exhibited a higher better WUE,but in the heading stage to filling stage it was desirable to increase irrigation frequency or irrigation quota.