兰州主城区大气颗粒物质量浓度及健康风险

Mass concentration and health risk of atmospheric particulate matter in main urban district of Lanzhou

分别在2013年春季3月23日~3月29日和冬季12月15日~12月21日对兰州市主城区5个采样点进行采样,每天每个采样点采集8个样品,共采集有效样品560个.通过实验室分析和重金属健康风险评价,结果显示:兰州市主城区≤10μm颗粒物中,主要分布在5.8~10.0μm(春、冬季)、1.1~3.3μm(春季)和0.65~3.3μm(冬季)范围内,Pb在PM_(3.3~4.7)(一级支气管)中的质量浓度最大,分别为0.2352ug/m^3(春季)和0.2177ug/m^3(冬季),Cd作为一种致癌重金属在PM_(9.0~5.8)、PM_(4.7~1.1)均被检出.儿童、成年男性、成年女性的非致癌风险值HZ在春季和冬季分别为0.842、0.360、0.345和0.842、0.326、0.361,低于1不存在非致癌的风险,致癌风险值RIS在10^(-6)~10^(-4)的范围内,不存在致癌风险,但儿童RIS值较高,对儿童的健康状况的影响,应受到社会群体的重视.

Sampling at five sampling sites of main urban district of Lanzhou City was conducted from March 23 to 29 and December 15 to 21, 2013, and eight samples were collected at each sampling site every day, with 560valid samples in total. Then laboratory analysis and heavy metals health risk assessment were conducted. Results showed that 5.8~10.0 μm （spring and winter）, 1.1~3.3μm （spring） and 0.65~3.3μm （winter） of particulate matters in ≤10μm of particulate matters were dominant in main urban district of Lanzhou City. Pb had the maximum mass concentration in PM3.3-4.7（primary bronchus）, and they were respectively 0.2352μg/m3 in spring and 0.2177μg/m3 in winter. As a kind of carcinogenic heavy metal, Cd was detected in PM9.0~5.8 and PM4.7~1.1. Noncarcinogenic risk values （HZ） of children, adult men and adult women were respectively 0.842, 0.360, 0.345 in spring and 0.842, 0.326, 0.361 in winter, which was less than 1, without noncarcinogenic risk. Moreover, carcinogenic risk value RIS was within the range of 10-6~10-4, without carcinogenic risk. But children’s RIS values were higher, which affected children’s health, and it should be paid attention to by social groups.