汽车-自行车/摩托车碰撞事故中骑车人头腿部动力学响应对比研究

Comparative investigation on the head and leg dynamic responses of two-wheeler riders in vehicle-bicycle/motorcycle accidents

为了研究不同碰撞条件下自行车骑行者与摩托车骑行者头部及腿部动力学响应的差异。首先,以车速(30 km/h、35 km/h、40 km/h、45 km/h和50 km/h)、车型(小轿车和越野车)和碰撞部位(两轮车前部、两轮车中部和两轮车后部)为试验变量,设计了60组自行车事故和摩托车事故仿真试验。然后,利用PC-Crash事故再现软件,对不同碰撞条件下汽车-自行车/摩托车侧面碰撞事故进行了仿真研究,并在此基础上分析了侧面碰撞事故中自行车骑行者和摩托车骑行者的动态响应参数(如头部合成加速度、头部合成速度、头部碰撞速度和撞击侧小腿撞击力等)。结果表明:与小轿车碰撞时,自行车骑行者首先会在发动机罩上滑动,然后以臀部和发动机罩的接触部位为旋转中心向着风挡玻璃旋转,而摩托车骑行者则直接以大腿和发动机罩边缘的接触部位为旋转中心向着机盖尾部或风挡玻璃旋转。并且在相同的碰撞条件下,自行车骑行者更容易遭受严重的头部损伤,而摩托车骑行者的撞击侧小腿则需承受更大的撞击力。该研究结果可为制定合适的自行车骑行者和摩托车骑行者保护策略提供参考。

To investigate the differences between the head and leg dynamic responses of a bicyclist and a motorcyclist under different impact conditions,60 groups of simulation experiments were designed considering the variables of vehicle speed（ 30 km/h,35 km/h,40 km/h,45 km/h and 50 km/h）,vehicle type（ large family car and sport utility vehicle） and impact location（ front,middle and rear parts of two-wheeler）. Then,the vehicle-bicycle/motorcycle side collision accidents were simulated under different conditions based on PC-Crash software,and the dynamic response parameters（ such as head resultant acceleration,head resultant speed,head impact speed,struck leg impact force,etc）of the bicyclist and motorcyclist in side traffic accidents were analysed. The results show the bicyclist firstly slides on the bonnet,and then rotates around the contact position of hip and bonnet towards the windscreen,while the motorcyclist directly rotates around the contact position of thigh and bonnet leading edge towards the bonnet rear or windscreen when impacting with a large family car. Furthermore, the bicyclist suffers severer head injury and the struck leg of the motorcyclist sustains greater impact force under the same impact conditions. These findings can contribute to generate suitable protecting strategies for bicyclists and motorcyclists.