黄土丘陵沟壑区饲料油菜种植试验及其产业化前景——以延安治沟造地典型项目区为例

The Planting Technology and Industrial Development Prospects of Forage Rape in the Loess Hilly Area——A Case Study of Newly-increased Cultivated Land Through Gully Land Consolidation in Yan'an,Shaanxi Province

沟道土地整治后,如何实现土地的持续、高效利用成为黄土高原丘陵沟壑区面临的突出问题,其关键在于如何充分发挥农牧交错区的比较优势,因地制宜发展种养结合的农业生产模式。依托延安市宝塔区羊圈沟和顾屯沟实验基地,通过大田试验研究了黄土丘陵沟壑区沟道土地整治后种植饲料油菜的技术要点,并探讨了基于饲料油菜种植构建新型农业生产模式的思路。结果表明:1)延安地区具备种植春季饲料油菜的自然生态适宜性,春播饲料油菜播种量以3.9~5.1 kg/hm^2为宜,苗期密度宜控制在22.5万株/hm^2左右;2)饲料油菜种植需要一定的田间管理,做到施足底肥,适当追肥,间苗遵循"五去五留"原则,4~5片真叶期定苗并适当追肥浇水;3)根据油菜多功能性,黄土丘陵区可发展饲用、菜用+饲用、菜用+观光+油料等多种产品组合模式,科学推广油菜种植可以促进集"种植+养殖+加工+观光"等于一体的多功能农业发展。

The sustainable and efficient utilization of land resource has become a prominent problem in loess hilly-gully region since gully land consolidation.The key issue is to bring the advantages in the agro-pastoral ecotone into full play and develope an agriculture production pattern combining farming and animal husbandry according to the local conditions.This paper analyzed the effects of planting date and seeding density on the growth characteristics and yield of forage rape based on the plot experiments in the Yangjuangou catchment and the Gutun catchment and then explored the new agriculture production mode in the agro-pastoral ecotone.The results indicated that： 1） The seeding date of forage rape should be earlier,mid-April is good,and the suitable density of spring forage rape is 225 000 per hectare.The appropriate seeding rate of spring forage rape is 3.9-5.1 kg/hm^2.2） The spring forage rape needs enough base fertilizer and appropriate topdressing.The principle of＂five abandon five reserve＂should be followed when thinning out,and singling and watering should be done in the 4-5 leaf stage.3） According to the multifunction of forage rape,the modes of livestock breeding,vegetablelivestock breeding,vegetable-sightseeing-rapeseed oil can be developed in Yan＇an.