花椒麻味物质的生理作用研究进展

Review on Physiological Function of Alkylamide Compounds from Zanthoxylum bungeanum

花椒(Zanthoxylum bungeanum)是芸香科(Rutaceae)花椒属(Zanthoxylum L.)植物的果实,其果皮名为"椒红",是我国传统的"八大调味品"之一,也是我国传统的中药配料,具有温中散寒、除湿、杀虫、止痛等作用。花椒在我国种植面积和产量居世界第一,作为农业产业结构调整和退耕还林的优选经济树种,集生态效益、社会效益和经济效益于一身,近年来其种植面积以20%~30%的速度逐年增加。花椒的药用价值早已得到认可,现代医学研究认为花椒具有抗氧化、杀虫、麻醉、抗炎镇痛、降血脂、除皱、抗癌、祛风除湿等多种作用,而花椒麻素作为花椒中特有的生物活性成分,其生理功效的评价也已成为现代医学的研究热点,但目前大多研究还停留在花椒麻味物质生理作用效果的初步研究水平,没有对其生理作用机制进行深入的研究,导致目前对花椒的开发还多限于食用方面,在新药和日用化工等的开发和利用方面仍不足。因此,对花椒中麻味物质的主要种类、麻味物质的生理作用两个方面的国内外研究进展进行综述,旨在为麻味物质进一步系统深入的研究提供一定参考。

Zanthoxylum bungeanum,belonging to Rutaceae family and Zanthoxylum L. genus,is one of the traditional ＂eight major condiments＂in China,which is an important ingredient in many kinds of traditional Chinese medicines due to the functional activites of cold-dispelling,dehumidification,anaesthesia,and acesodyne. China has the highest planting area and yield of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. As the economic tree plants,Zanthoxylum bungeanum has the ecological,social,and economical benefites. Recently,the planting area of Zanthoxylum bungeanum has been increasing at the speed of 20% - 30%. It has been widely accepted that Zanthoxylum bungeanum has diversely medical functions,such as antioxidant activities,insecticidal activities,anaesthesia,anti-inflammatory and analgesic,hypolipidemic,removing wrinkles,anticancer,and so on. As the special functional ingredients,alkylamide compounds（ or hemp flavor substance） possess many biological properties. However,the mechanism of these biological properties were not fully understood. Therefore,Zanthoxylum bungeanum has not been fully applied in medicines and daily chemical products. This review summarizes updated researches on the main species of alkylamide compounds in Zanthoxylum bungeanum and their respective physiological functions in order to provide necessary reference for the further systematic study.