美国科研仪器设施开放共享的政策与实践

Policies and Practices for the Sharing of Federally-Funded Research Facilities in the U.S.

本文主要分析美国联邦政府出资购置的科研仪器设施共享情况,梳理了联邦政府和各涉科部门对科研设施共享的政策及实践,并根据设施分类,讨论了不同类别科研设施的经费来源、产权和使用权、承担单位责任义务以及共享机制,为我国建立健全科研设施管理体系、扩大设施开发共享提供政策参考。

This paper focuses on how the U.S. government shares federally-funded research facilities through legislation and regulation. It summarizes the policies and practices by the U.S. federal government and relevant departments, and discusses the funding and ownership of different category of facilities, as well as the responsibilities of contractors and the sharing mechanism, in a bid to provide policy reference for China.